105 – Some characteristics of services demands that are important.

Posted by Lancing Farrell                                                              1100 words

operations typology 2

Image from Operations Management, 1998.

Some time ago I posted on high performance job design using four characteristics or spans; control, accountability, influence and support. At the time I linked the concept to the operations typology describing four characteristics of design of operations for high performance. This post picks up that discussion to look at the characteristics of demands that it is essential to understand if you want to design and manage your operations for high performance or excellence in local government.

A number of recent books on public sector management have discussed demands and how it is essential to understand them in public services because payment is not made at the time of service consumption and, therefore, price does not directly influence the amount and nature of demands placed on the system.

In his Vanguard Method John Seddon describes the importance of fulfilling purpose if failure demand is to be avoided. He also talks about understanding flow in relation to how work enters a system. Both of these ideas relate to demands. If purpose (i.e. the value sought by someone or their demand on the system) is not correctly understood the work system will not meet their need. They will come back.

Mark H. Moore includes operational capacity in his ‘strategic triangle’ concept linking decisions from the authorising environment to the public value provided. An organisation must have the operating capacity (or capability as Moore describes it in his earlier book Creating Public Value) to deliver on the political commitment to create particular public value. Continue reading

104 – Question: Are we all really that ‘special and different?’

running shoes

Editors note: This is a new type of post requesting responses from each of the regular writers and any interested readers to answering a question of relevance to the sector? It has been motivated by the realization that ‘through questions, knowledge becomes learning’.

So, the first question is:

Why do you think that councils tend to behave as though they are special and different, rather than choosing to see themselves as being similar or the same?’ 

Context

  • Councils regularly advertise jobs for the same role but with many different titles.
  • Attempts to get councils to share services across municipal boundaries have regularly failed.
  • Efforts to get councils to adopt standard systems (e.g. finance) have been unsuccessful.

Post your answer as a comment.

103 – Classic paper – ‘Managing Government, Governing Management’. Henry Mintzberg.

Posted by Colin Weatherby                                                                         1850 words

In 1996 Henry Mintzberg published a paper in the Harvard Business Review entitled ‘Managing Government, Governing Management’. In the paper Mintzberg covers four broad topics relevant to local government:

  1. Private, public, cooperative and non-owned organisations.
  2. The roles of people in society as customer, client, citizen and subject.
  3. The management myths that activities can be isolated, performance can be fully evaluated using objective measures, and activities can be entrusted to autonomous managers responsible for performance.
  4. The machine model, network model, performance-control model, virtual model and normative-control model available to organise government.

What relevance does it have for local government today?

102 – Reflections on the first 100 posts.

my wordle

After discussion with writers, this post is an assessment of what has happened so far. It is about half way through the 52 week life of the blog. Here goes.

At the start of 2015 blog club members weren’t sure about the amount of material we would have to blog. As it turns out, there has been ample. Enough for a post each working day and 70,000 words so far. This is thanks to the writers and their colleagues who have contributed ideas and feedback (sometimes unwittingly). Thank you to everyone who has contributed in some way.

The readership has been unexpected. Given it is a niche topic and focussed on Australian local government, the fact that most readers are from overseas has been a revelation. I am not sure whether it is the topics attracting attention or whether there is genuine interest in Australian local government. Most overseas readers have come from the US or UK where there are some similarities in the way local government works. The lack of comments posted by readers (there have been lots of ‘likes’ and small band of ‘followers’) was a surprise. Maybe this is common for new blog sites.

The topics that have emerged have also been a surprise. Continue reading

101 – Index post – posts 76 to 100.

syntopicon

It is a century in posts and about the half way mark in our 52 weeks in the life of local government downunder. Again the index post follows themes in alphabetical order.  An upgrade of the current index page to a more comprehensive syntopicon, or collection of topics, is planned.  Stay tuned.

Budgeting post 76 discusses capital expenditure targets and creative ways to achieve them, or at least appear to have achieved them. Have a go at the test and see whether you are equipped to manage your council’s capital program.

Classic paperpost 88 is the first in a new series looking at classic papers and examines Peter F. Drucker’s thoughts on managing public services.

Cost shiftingpost 93 looks at State government services required to be delivered by local government, which are often identified as ‘cost shifting’, implying that the State is forcing local government to do something that it should be doing. The question is whether this is the best way to look at it when council rates are a highly efficient way to tax people to pay for the services they use.

Culturepost 86 provides ten sayings that define local government culture and attempts to interpret them. Post 100 follows an earlier post on managers as the ‘scrapers of burnt toast’, to look at how risk and workload is being shifted to managers continuously by making them sign-off on everything.

Decision makingpost 82 looks at whether a decision is strategic or not. The article ‘How to Tell which Decisions are Strategic’ by Ram Shivakumar is discussed in relation to his matrix connecting decision making to their impact on ‘degree of commitment’ and ‘scope of the firm’. Post 98 examines the role of the functional organisation structure (common to local government) in impeding collaborative decision making, and the involvement of the Executive in re-managing, in the context of benefits available from a greater focus on cross-functional processes.

EsotericaPost 91 continues a them established by Tim Whistler looking at esoteric ideas that he somehow connects to local government. How are phenomenology, cautery and augury relevant concepts to local government today?

Internal servicespost 96 asks whether the ‘productivity’ improvements made at the centre of the organisation are always a genuine improvement. Sometimes they reduce centralised delivery costs for a few people but pass on greater costs to many times more new decentralised service deliverers. In post 97 Tim Whistler parodies corporate service cost savings using the analogy of cost savings in external service being made in a similar way. Why do we have different standards?

Operational excellencepost 77 describes what is it, how you achieve it, and why it should matter to be an excellent organisation. Post 78 discusses the organisational comfort zones where leaders are most at home and aligns those comfort zones with stages in operation improvement. Does your community want you to move out of their comfort zone and towards operational excellence?

Operations managementpost 94 reviews the minor forms of civil insurrection becoming evident in local government with guerrilla gardening, depaving, and, now, comedy penis graffiti. Is it just a way for people and communities to signal their dissatisfaction with councils that are out of touch with their needs?

Performance managementPost 80 provides advice on designing a performance management system based on the ‘nine performance variables’ described by Geary Rummler and Alan Brache. What types of measurements do you need? Post 81 then takes a detailed look at a process for managing performance, including worked examples, based on the work of Geary Rummler and Alan Brache.

Professional development – In post 79 the local government reading test is explained. Designed to determine whether leaders learn by reading it has produced interesting results.

Strategy implementationPost 83 introduces a series of posts about the article ‘Why Strategy Execution Unravels – and What to Do About it’ written by Donald Sull, Rebecca Homkes and Charles Sull in which they discuss how organisations can implement strategy more effectively by addressing five myths.

Post 84 looks at the first myth is that strategy implementation relies on organisational alignment and effective ‘line of sight’ from corporate mission to each individual and their work. Post 85 is about the second myth that effective strategy implementation requires sticking to your plan, not matter what happens. In post 87 the third myth covered is that communication is effective in achieving the understanding necessary to implement strategy.

Post 89 covers the fourth myth that an organisation with a strong performance culture will naturally be effective in strategy implementation. The fifth and final post about ‘Why Strategy Execution Unravels – and What to Do About it’, discusses the myth that strategy implementation should be driven from the top by senior management.

In post 92 Tim Whistler provides a further word on failure to implement strategy in local government based on his experiences.

Value-led management (and high performance) – post 95 discusses an approach to helping organisations fundamentally re-think what they are doing rather than continue to optimise what they are currently doing. Viewing a service as a value chain enables the demand and supply chains to be separated and joined by a ‘value proposition’ to focus operations design on creating specific value required by customers. Post 99 looks at the need to redesign council operations to deliver better value. The ideas of Mark H. Moore, and David Walters and Mark Rainbird are linked to provide an integrated approach to understanding value.

100 – ‘We’ll get the managers to sign off’. The second most common local government phrase.

Posted by Whistler                                                                                          500 words

sign here

I guess this is the second most common phrase and it links to Colin Weatherby’s post about managers spending their time scraping burnt toast. One of the dysfunctions common in local government is the assignment of responsibility to managers for authorising everything by everyone changing a system or process, usually to eliminate their own risk.

I suppose some examples are in order. Advertising for a vacant job. An authorisation will already have been obtained to fill the position but the manager must sign to authorise the placement of the advertisement. Why? I guess that one day someone must have put in an advertisement for a position that wasn’t approved. But is this an effective or necessary control? Has the exception made the rule?

What about putting a new supplier onto the council’s system? Continue reading

98 – Is your organisation an echosystem? How would you know, … know, … know?

Posted by Whistler                                                                                          530 words

The scream

Does everything seem to echo around? Messages are usually heard when they reverberate off distant walls? Management decisions are revisited regularly – ‘Hasn’t a decision been made on that already?’ Worse still are the matters that keep coming up, decisions aren’t made and they keep going up and down the organisational hierarchy. Perhaps your echosystem is afflicted by re-managing.

I suppose you are thinking what is ‘re-managing’. I didn’t invent the term. I have borrowed it from Managing the White Space by Geary Rummler and Alan Brache. They use it to describe the behaviour of senior managers when they re-manage the work already carried out by the managers below them. In local government the senior managers are typically Directors or Group Managers. You may ask why they find the need to do this. After all, haven’t they got more ‘strategic’ work to do? Continue reading

97 – A question: What if we treated the community the way we treat internal customers?

Posted by Whistler                                                                                          400 words

bins in street

Colin Weatherby’s post about corporate services reminded me about a video clip that I saw some time ago showing what life might be like if the airlines ran like the health service. It was an interesting way to challenge accepted standards and made the whole system look out of touch. Colin’s post about our corporate services colleagues made me think that a similar parody might be needed to highlight the lack of respect internal service providers within councils often show for their customers.

Here goes.

Customer Service Officer (CSO) sitting in call centre answers the telephone to incoming call from a resident.

CSO:                      Hello, how can I help you?

Resident:             Hello. I put my bin out for collection on Monday and it hasn’t been collected. It is now Wednesday and I am wondering what is happening.

CSO:                      Did you put it out the front?

Resident:             Yes. I put it where I always put it on the nature strip.

CSO:                      Ah. There is your problem.

Resident:             I don’t understand.

CSO:                    Well, we no longer collect bins from out the front of houses. It is a new cost saving measure that will save lots of money. We won’t have to increase your rates by nearly as much this year. It will save at least $5 a week per household.

Resident:             But no one told me.

CSO:                     That’s because it would have cost us a lot of money to tell people. We don’t want to waste money.

Resident:             So what will happen now?

CSO:                      That depends. Do you still want your bin emptied? Continue reading

96 – A corporate services productivity initiative. Are you sure?

Posted by Colin Weatherby                                                                         360 words

lawn mower

How long is it since your corporate services team decided to make some improvements to their productivity? Maybe they had to take a budget cut o show some leadership when their Group Manager was asking everyone else to make cuts. Maybe they genuinely think they have produced the same or more value at less cost. Sometimes they aren’t seeking to improve productivity, they are simply complying with the recommendations of yet another internal audit and the opportunity has come up for what seems like greater efficiency. After all, isn’t being more efficient hard to argue with?

Whichever way it happens, the flow on effects are always the same. Someone downstream gets to do more work. Continue reading